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. 2006 Jun;134(3):617-26.
doi: 10.1017/S0950268805005406.

Risk factors for Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium (DT104 and non-DT104) infections in The Netherlands: predominant roles for raw eggs in Enteritidis and sandboxes in Typhimurium infections

Y Doorduyn  1 , W E Van Den Brandhof, Y T H P Van Duynhoven, W J B Wannet, W Van Pelt
Affiliations

Risk factors for Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium (DT104 and non-DT104) infections in The Netherlands: predominant roles for raw eggs in Enteritidis and sandboxes in Typhimurium infections

Y Doorduyn et al. Epidemiol Infect. 2006 Jun.

Abstract

Since 1996 Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 salmonellosis has increased in The Netherlands. This prompted a case-control study of risk factors for salmonellosis to inform transmission routes for this phage type. Cases were laboratory-confirmed patients with a Salmonella infection and controls were selected from population registries by frequency matching for age, sex, degree of urbanization and season. Cases and controls received a questionnaire on risk factors. Of the 1171 cases, 573 (49%) responded: 245 S. Enteritidis and 232 S. Typhimurium cases (both DT104 and non-DT104), of which 58 were DT104. Of the 10250 controls, 3409 (33%) responded. Use of H2 antagonists [odds ratio (OR) 4.4, 95% CI 1.6-12.2] and proton pump inhibitors (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.2-7.9), consumption of raw eggs (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.4) and products containing raw eggs (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0) were associated with endemic S. Enteritidis infection. Risk factors for endemic S. Typhimurium infection were use of proton pump inhibitors (OR 8.3, 95% CI 4.3-15.9), occupational exposure to raw meat (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-7.9), playing in a sandbox (for children aged 4-12 years) (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.6-3.7), consumption of undercooked meat (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.1) and use of antibiotics (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.4). Use of proton pump inhibitors (OR 11.2, 95% CI 3.9-31.9) and playing in a sandbox (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.8-10.7) were the only risk factors for S. Typhimurium DT104 salmonellosis. This study confirms known risk factors for salmonellosis. However, playing in a sandbox was a predominant new risk factor for S. Typhimurium salmonellosis in children [population attributable risk (PAR) 14%], and especially for S. Typhimurium DT104 (PAR 32%).

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References

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