Ageing and health issues in intellectual disabilities

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review summarizes recent research and evidence-based practice and policy guidelines from 31 articles or books focused on the health of ageing individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Recent findings: Findings are presented under four headings that correspond to categories of health measures applied in recent EU evidence-based public health documents. Large group studies, notably longitudinal studies, have advanced knowledge of the health-related attributes of the population of older adults with intellectual disabilities and their distinctive health risks, including those linked to aetiologies. Empirical studies applying various research designs and literature reviews presented findings about weight and levels of physical activity, prevalent health problems (e.g. high levels of sensory impairment, risk factors for coronary artery disease) and other aspects of the health status of this population. Efforts to improve assessment methods for dementia continue. Evidence from small group studies in Israel and the USA suggests that interventions to increase physical activity and functioning of older adults may be beneficial. Pharmacological studies consider treatments for dementia as well as widespread prescription of medications to manage challenging behaviours. Health system issues include access to health care, training for health professionals, support for family care givers, end of life care and more cohesive national health policies.

Summary: Health-related research in older people with intellectual disabilities has extended our understanding of the characteristics of this population relative to other groups of older individuals and to national populations in terms of health status, determinants of health and priorities for policy and practice.