Nitrate Accumulation, Assimilation, and Transport by Decapitated Corn Roots : EFFECTS OF PRIOR NITRATE NUTRITION

Abstract

The effects of accumulated [(14)N]nitrate and its utilization in decapitated, 5-day-old dark-grown corn roots on influx, accumulation, xylem deposition, and reduction of concurrently absorbed nitrate during an 18-hour exposure to 0.5 millimolar K(15)NO(3) nutrient solution were examined. A 20-hour pretreatment in 15.0 millimolar K(14)NO(3) high nitrate (HN) resulted in a 2-fold greater tissue nitrate level than pretreatment in 0.5 millimolar K(14)NO(3) low nitrate (LN). Upon transfer to the 0.5 millimolar K(15)NO(3) solution, the net nitrate uptake rate in HN roots after 2 hours was 52% of the LN rate, but increased to 93% at the end of the uptake period. Despite an enhanced [(14)N]nitrate efflux from HN roots to the uptake solution, the efflux differences between the two pretreatments did not compensate for the decrease in net nitrate uptake. The [(15)N]nitrate influx rate was initially restricted by 33% in the HN roots compared to LN roots, but it had decreased to 7% by the end of the 18-hour uptake period. At this time, the total tissue nitrate levels were similar for both pretreatments. The rate of accumulation of [(15)N]nitrate in the tissue was relatively constant for both pretreatments, but was 25% less in HN roots. Of the previously accumulated [(14)N]nitrate, 52 and 46% remained after 18 hours in the LN and HN roots, respectively. The [(14)N]nitrate decline for HN roots was initially more rapid than in the LN roots which was linear over time. Xylem transport and efflux more than accounted for the decline in [(14)N]nitrate of LN roots and all but 4% in the HN roots which was attributed to reduction. Compartmentation of the previously accumulated nitrate was evident from the higher atom per cent (15)N of xylem nitrate compared to that of the tissue nitrate of both LN and HN roots. During the first 2 hours, xylem transport of [(14)N]nitrate by the HN roots was 49% greater than for LN roots, while [(15)N]nitrate transport was 9% less in HN roots compared to LN roots. Even though the reduction of [(15)N]nitrate in HN roots was 31% less than LN roots during the first 2 hours, [(15)N]nitrate was reduced more rapidly than the previously accumulated [(14)N]nitrate. After the first 4 hours, the relative partitioning of absorbed [(15)N]nitrate between accumulation, reduction, and translocation was similar regardless of pretreatment.