Oral manifestations of recently described viral infections, including AIDS

Abstract

Oral viral diseases secondary to human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection are not commonly observed, except for Epstein-Barr virus infection. For the most part, members of the herpes virus group and the human papilloma viruses are involved. With the introduction of techniques like the polymerase chain reaction, the level of detection has been changed considerably. However, the application of these techniques may also result in difficulties of interpretation, such as is the case with the detection of human papilloma virus in human immunodeficiency virus-associated Kaposi's sarcoma, as recently described. The possible association of "new" viruses with well-known diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome or Paget's disease are of great interest; but the etiologic role of these particles in the disease process has yet to be determined (Scully, in Millard and Mason, eds. Perspectives on 1988 World Workshop on Oral Medicine. YearBook Publishing, 1989, pp 179-182). Oral manifestations in the course of human immunodeficiency virus disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are numerous and have long been considered important for clinical diagnostic reasons. The present review is focused on viral diseases with oral manifestations associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection as well as with some "new" viral diseases that may also produce orofacial symptoms.