Glycine-Glomus-Rhizobium Symbiosis: V. Effects of Mycorrhiza on Nodule Activity and Transpiration in Soybeans under Drought Stress

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) plants were nodulated (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and either inoculated with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe or left uncolonized. All plants were grown unstressed for 21 days initially. After this period, some VAM and non-VAM plants were exposed to four 8-day drought cycles while others were kept well watered. Drought cycles were terminated by rewatering when soil moisture potentials reached -1.2 megapascal. Nodule development and activity, transpiration, leaf conductance, leaf and root parameters including fresh and dry weight, and N and P nutrition of VAM plants and of non-VAM, P-fed plants grown under the same controlled conditions were compared. All parameters, except N content, were greater in VAM plants than in P-fed, non-VAM plants when under stress. The opposite was generally true in the unstressed comparisons. Transpiration and leaf conductance were significantly greater in stressed VAM than in non-VAM plants during the first half of the final stress cycle. Values for both VAM and non-VAM plants decreased linearly with time during the cycle and converged at a high level of stress (-1.2 megapascal). Effects of VAM fungi on the consequences of drought stress relative to P nutrition and leaf gas exchange are discussed in the light of these findings and those reported in the literature.