In Situ Abscisic Acid Synthesis : A Requirement for Induction of Embryo Dormancy in Helianthus annuus

Abstract

When applied to young nondormant embryos of sunflower (Hellanthus annus) (7-10 day[s] after pollination [DAP]), abscisic acid (ABA) inhibited germination as long as it was present. However, whatever the dose used and the duration of its application, ABA was unable to induce dormancy because after transfer of treated embryos to control (without ABA) medium, germination occurred. Thereafter, exogenous ABA became effective and allowed the dormancy to develop in 13 and 17 DAP embryos, i.e. in embryos which after isolation were still able to germinate in high percentage. After embryo dormancy was well established (21 DAP), application of fluridone allowed the germination to occur very quickly on control medium. Isolated dormant axes were also induced to germinate by an application of fluridone. Radioimmunological analysis showed that 24 hours after these treatments, endogenous ABA levels were drastically reduced in the axes. When these fluridone-treated embryos were cultured on ABA medium, germination was again inhibited as long as exogenous ABA was present but germination occurred as soon as embryos were transferred to control medium. Such behavior suggested that in situ ABA synthesis is necessary to impose and maintain the embryo dormancy.