[Clinical analysis of 135 patients with severe eye burn]

Abstract

To investigate the clinical characteristics, prognosis, and complications of acute severe burn injury of the eyes.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-five patients (155 eyes) with acute severe burn injury of the eyes admitted to our hospital from 1977 to 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. The recovery rate and time, causes and incidence of blindness, and complications of burn injury of different depth and causes of burns were analyzed statistically.

Results: (1) The recovery time of patients with full-thickness burn of the eye ball was obviously shorter than that with IV degree eye burn, and the recovery rate of those with III degree burn was also evidently higher than that with IV degree burns (P < 0.01). Among the patients with non-repaired IV degree eye burn, the incidence of corneal perforation (6 eyes) in patients injured by acid was markedly higher than that by alkali (1 eye, P < 0.05). There were 38 III degree injured eyes with the visual acuity more than 0.05 and 51 with that less than 0.05. While there was no eye with the visual acuity more than 0.05 but 66 with that less than 0.05. Fifty-two out of 78 eyes injured by acid and alkali went blind with occoecatio ratio of 66.7%. But 65 out of 77 eyes injured by heat went blind with occoecatio ratio of 84.4%. The complication in patients with III degree eye burn was lower than that with IV degree burns. The incidence of corneal perforation and symblepharon in patients with III degree eye burn was 1.1% and 36.0%, which was obviously lower than that with IV degree eye burn (27.3% and 59.1%, P < 0.01). The highest incidence of corneal perforation and symblepharon was in those with eye burn injured by acid (29.2%, 37.5%). While the highest incidence of the symblepharon in those with thermal eye burn was 53.2%.

Conclusion: Among the patients with IV degree burns, those with acid, alkali and heat burns have bad prognosis, with high blindness rate. Current therapies cant improve eye function and prognosis of the patients thoroughly, which need further study in the future.