Quebec's approach to population health: an overview of policy content and organization

Abstract

While Canada's international leadership in the area of health promotion has been widely acknowledged in the past, Quebec's approach could be better known. Canada's second largest province has indeed developed a comprehensive public health infrastructure and adopted a population health approach which features an integrated set of legislative, organizational and programmatic policy instruments. These instruments not only ensure the core functions of public health, but also foster public intervention on the social determinants of health. In addition, Quebec's policy is supported by a solid research infrastructure, networked expertise and a mobilized workforce among health professionals. In spite of the interest it represents for the larger public health community in Canada and elsewhere, this largely French-speaking province's approach remains little known because of language and cultural barriers between Quebec and Anglo-Saxon countries, and it has yet to be systematically discussed in the English-language literature. This article provides an overview of policies and administrative structures in Quebec to support public health and address socially determined inequalities in health. It analyzes the development of these policies over the past decade and offers insight to their core content.