Fitzgerald Trait: Deficiency of a Hitherto Unrecognized Agent, Fitzgerald Factor, Participating in Surface-Mediated Reactions of Clotting, Fibrinolysis, Generation of Kinins, and the Property of Diluted Plasma Enhancing Vascular Permeability (PF/Dil)

Abstract

The prolonged partial thromboplastin time observed in the plasma of a 71-yr-old asymptomatic man was related to the deficiency of a hitherto unrecognized agent. The patient's plasma also exhibited impaired surface-mediated fibrinolysis and esterolytic activity and impaired generation of kinins and of the property enhancing vascular permeability designated PF/Dil. The patient's plasma contained normal amounts of all known clotting factors except Fletcher factor (a plasma prekallikrein) which was present at a concentration of 10-15% of pooled normal plasma. Fletcher trait plasma, however, contained normal amounts of the agent missing from the patient's plasma and corrected the defects in clotting, fibrinolysis, and vascular permeability. Fletcher trait plasma was less effective in correcting generation of kinins and esterolytic activity, presumably because of the patient's partial deficiency of prekallikrein. The site of action of the factor deficient in the patient's plasma appeared to be subsequent to the activation of Hageman factor and plasma prekallikrein. A fraction of normal plasma, devoid of other clotting factors, corrected the defect in clotting in the patient's plasma; a similar fraction of the patient's plasma did not correct this abnormality. No evidence yet exists pointing to the familial nature of the patient's defect. Tentatively, the patient's disorder may be referred to by his surname as Fitzgerald trait, and the agent apparently deficient in his plasma as Fitzgerald factor.