Radical resection for craniopharyngiomas in children: surgical technique and clinical results

Abstract

Craniopharyngiomas are benign suprasellar tumors; however, their tendency to recur after resection and the risks associated with aggressive tumor resection pose a surgical dilemma. We reviewed our series of operated craniopharyngiomas and selected pediatric cases operated as first-hand cases and followed in our institution. We studied 37 cases. Resection was total in 65%. No patient died in the operative period; three patients died 6 months to 8 years after surgery of endocrine-related cause or sudden death. Tumor progression occurred in 93% of cases after subtotal resection versus 43% after total resection. Among 20 operations for recurrence, total resection was achieved in 45%. Visual deficits were often stabilized or improved after surgery, but worsened in 30% because of surgical damage or tumor recurrence. Fifty-nine percent of patients follow a normal school curriculum. All patients have some degree of pituitary hormonal replacement and 48% have obesity. Hypothalamic damage was generally associated with intraventricular extension of the tumor recurrence and re-operations, especially through combined approaches. Craniopharyngiomas in children are particularly aggressive tumors. Although the best oncological results are obtained with total resection, in some cases the functional price of surgery may be too high and alternative techniques should be proposed. The life-long management of these patients requires that the best use is made of all potential therapeutic tools.