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Review
. 2006 Jun;188(11):3731-9.
doi: 10.1128/JB.01780-05.

A complex transcription network controls the early stages of biofilm development by Escherichia coli

Birgit M Prüss  1 , Christopher Besemann, Anne Denton, Alan J Wolfe
Affiliations
Review

A complex transcription network controls the early stages of biofilm development by Escherichia coli

Birgit M Prüss et al. J Bacteriol. 2006 Jun.
No abstract available

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Global network of transcriptional regulation in E. coli. Positive regulatory effects are indicated by solid lines and arrowheads. Negative regulatory effects are indicated by dotted lines with blunt ends. Microarray data were obtained for EnvZ/OmpR (97), RcsCDB (32, 44, 97), LrhA (73), H-NS (53), CRP (162), CsgD (19), FlhD/FlhC (110, 111), FlhD (110, 112), and Aer (110). Further regulation of flhD expression has been documented, as follows: QseCB (134, 135), CRP (132), H-NS (14), DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE (127), DnaA (88, 90), HdfR (67), and insertion element insertion (9). The expression of csgD and csgB is further regulated by EnvZ/OmpR (106), CpxAR (59, 106), and H-NS (59). FliA has been described as an alternative sigma factor specific for the flagellar genes (78) and mediates the regulation of aer expression by FlhD/FlhC (B. Prüß and P. Matsumura, unpublished).
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Regulation of flagella and motility in E. coli. Environmental control of the flagellar system is mediated by regulation of the flhDC promoter. The translational start site was determined by Soutourina et al. (132). Footprinting data have been obtained for H-NS (132), phosphorylated OmpR (128), LrhA (73), RcsAB (33), and cAMP-CRP (132). Insertion sites for the IS1 and IS5 elements are indicated (9). The figure is modified from a previous study (8); posttranscriptional control by CsrA (154) and posttranslational control by ClpXP (146, 147) have been added.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Regulation of biofilm formation by FlhDC, OmpR/EnvZ, and RcsCDB. Observations from the network are projected on a time course of the early stages of biofilm formation. Biofilm formation starts with reversible attachment, proceeds to irreversible attachment, and progresses to three-dimensional construction of the mature biofilm, until the biofilm disassociates. The action points of the three major regulators in our network are indicated by vertical arrows. These points are based on the cellular processes that are affected by the regulators. A time course of expression of the regulators is hypothesized and is indicated by horizontal arrows, paralleling the time course of biofilm formation.
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References

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