Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among tuberculosis suspect patients in Accra, Ghana

Abstract

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in Ghana, where recent reports indicate an increase of the disease. A close association between infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) is well known. A previous study showed a 16.8% seroprevalence of HIV in TB patients on admission at the chest clinic of the Korle-Bu teaching hospital. However this was in severely ill patients on admission and there was a likely selection bias. This study was therefore designed to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among patients suspected of TB attending the laboratory of the chest clinic of the Korle-Bu Teaching hospital, Accra, Ghana.

Methods: Pulmonary TB was diagnosed using clinical, sputum smear microscopy and chest x-ray features. HIV was determined using particle agglutination test (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and synthetic peptide-based immunoassay (Peptilav I and II ELISA).

Results: Of the 277 subjects examined, 108 (39%) were diagnosed as TB. The seroprevalence of HIV was 46.2% in all TB suspect patients. It was 47.2% and 45.6% in those with and without tuberculosis, respectively. in both groups, the peak age distribution of subjects positive for HIV antibodies was from 20 to 59 years.

Conclusion: The results show a great increase in HIV seroprevalence in TB patients in Korle-Bu. The high HIV seroprevalence suggests that subjects suspected of TB should be tested for HIV as well.