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Comparative Study
. 2006 Jun;50(6):1927-30.
doi: 10.1128/AAC.01472-05.

Transmission-blocking activities of quinine, primaquine, and artesunate

Kesinee Chotivanich  1 , Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Rachanee Udomsangpetch, Sornchai Looareesuwan, Nicholas P J Day, Russell E Coleman, Nicholas J White
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Transmission-blocking activities of quinine, primaquine, and artesunate

Kesinee Chotivanich et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Jun.

Abstract

The infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes after exposure in vitro to quinine, artesunate, and primaquine was assessed in Anopheles dirus, a major vector of malaria in Southeast Asia. Mature gametocytes (stage 5) of a Thai isolate of P. falciparum were exposed to the drugs for 24 h in vitro before membrane feeding to A. dirus. After 10 days, the mosquito midguts were dissected and the oocysts were counted. In this system, artesunate showed the most potent transmission-blocking activity; the mean (standard deviation [SD]) 50% and 90% effective concentrations (EC(50), and EC(90), respectively, in nanograms per milliliter) were 0.1 (0.02) and 0.4 (0.15), respectively. Transmission-blocking activity of quinine and primaquine was observed at relatively high concentrations (SDs): EC(50) of quinine, 642 (111) ng/ml; EC(50) of primaquine, 181 (23) ng/ml; EC(90) of quinine, 816 (96) ng/ml; EC(90) of primaquine, 543 (43) ng/ml. Artesunate both prevents the maturation of immature P. falciparum gametocytes and reduces the transmission potential of mature gametocytes. Both of these effects may contribute to reducing malaria transmission.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Effects of artesunate (ATS), quinine (Q), and primaquine (PM) on IR. The IR is the ratio of mosquitoes with one or more oocysts to the number of dissected mosquitoes. Data are shown as mean percentages and SEs.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Gametocytocidal activities of artesunate (ATS), quinine (Q), and primaquine (PM). Data are shown as mean numbers of oocysts ± SD (n = 100).
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Effects of artesunate (ATS), quinine (Q), and primaquine (PM) on TP. The TP is the ratio of the total number of oocysts to the total number of dissected mosquitoes (n = 100). Data are shown as means and SDs.
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References

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