Ras inhibition results in growth arrest and death of androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in human males. Progression of these tumors is facilitated by autocrine/paracrine growth factors which activate critical signaling cascades that promote prostate cancer cell growth, survival and migration. Among these, Ras pathways have a major role. Here we examined the effect of the Ras inhibitor S-trans, trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS), on growth and viability of androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. FTS downregulated Ras, inhibited signaling to Akt and reduced the levels of cell-cycle regulatory proteins including cyclin D1, p-RB, E2F-1 and cdc42 in LNCaP and PC3 cells. Consequently the anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth of LNCaP and PC3 cells were inhibited. FTS also induced apoptotic cell death which was inhibited by the broad-spectrum caspases inhibitor, Boc-asp-FMK. Our study demonstrated that androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells require active Ras for growth and survival. Ras inhibition by FTS results in growth arrest and cell death. FTS may be qualified as a potential agent for the treatment of prostate cancer.