Comparison of intratympanic and intravenous dexamethasone treatment on sudden sensorineural hearing loss with diabetes

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intratympanic administration of dexamethasone (IT-DEX) treatment on sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) patients with diabetes by comparing the results with intravenous administration of dexamethasone (IV-DEX) treatment.

Study design: Comparative study.

Setting: University hospital and affiliated hospital.

Patients: Ten sequential SSNHL patients with diabetes receiving IT-DEX and 21 sequential SSNHL patients with diabetes receiving IV-DEX. Patients with low tone hearing loss were excluded.

Intervention: In the IT-DEX group, two methods were applied to deliver DEX (4 mg/ml): injection through a perforation made by laser-assisted myringotomy or through a tympanostomy tube. IT-DEX administration was performed on 8 sequential days. In the IV-DEX group, DEX was administrated intravenously starting from an amount of 8 mg/d followed by taped doses for 10 days.

Main outcome measures: Preprocedure and postprocedure hearing levels and complications.

Results: In the IT-DEX group, the average hearing level before the treatment was 79 dB. Overall, all 10 patients showed improvement of more than 10 dB in the pure-tone audiogram, with a mean improvement of 41 dB. Seven patients (70%) demonstrated successful results, and four recovered completely. In the IV-DEX group, 14 (67%) of the 21 patients showed improvement of more than 10 dB with a mean improvement of 25 dB. Thirteen patients (62%) demonstrated successful results. Free blood sugar during and after the IT-DEX treatment remained below the pretreatment levels, whereas four patients in the IV-DEX group demonstrated worsening of the hyperglycemia.

Conclusion: IT-DEX treatment is at least as effective as IV-DEX treatment for SSNHL patients with diabetes.