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. 2006 Jul;72(7):4648-52.
doi: 10.1128/AEM.00254-06.

Differential adsorption of occluded and nonoccluded insect-pathogenic viruses to soil-forming minerals

Peter D Christian  1 , Andrew R Richards, Trevor Williams
Affiliations

Differential adsorption of occluded and nonoccluded insect-pathogenic viruses to soil-forming minerals

Peter D Christian et al. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jul.

Abstract

Soil represents the principal environmental reservoir of many insect-pathogenic viruses. We compared the adsorption and infectivity of one occluded and two nonoccluded viruses, Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) (Baculoviridae), Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) (Dicistroviridae), and Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (IIV-6) (Iridoviridae), respectively, in mixtures with a selection of soil-forming minerals. The relative infective titers of HaSNPV and CrPV were unchanged or slightly reduced in the presence of different minerals compared to their titers in the absence of the mineral. In contrast, the infective titer of IIV-6 varied according to the mineral being tested. In adsorption studies, over 98% of HaSNPV occlusion bodies were adsorbed by all the minerals, and a particularly high affinity was observed with ferric oxide, attapulgite, and kaolinite. In contrast, the adsorption of CrPV and IIV-6 differed markedly with mineral type, with low affinity to bentonites and high affinity to ferric oxide and kaolinite. We conclude that interactions between soil-forming minerals and insect viruses appear to be most important in nucleopolyhedroviruses, followed by invertebrate iridescent viruses, and least important in CrPV, which may reflect the ecology of these pathogens. Moreover, soils with a high content of iron oxides or kaolinite would likely represent highly effective reservoirs for insect-pathogenic viruses.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Mean (±standard deviation) loge proportion of virus remaining nonadsorbed to different minerals after 1 h of incubation for (A) HaSNPV, (B) CrPV, and (C) IIV-6. In all cases, unbound virus activity was compared to mineral-bound virus activity and found to correspond precisely to the reciprocal of the unbound fraction. Column headings with the same letter are not significantly different for comparisons of each virus incubated with different minerals (t test in GLIM, P > 0.05). Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of replicate observations for each mineral tested. A single outlier was eliminated from the analysis of CrPV binding to talc. ND, not determined.
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