The role of radical prostatectomy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and a prostate-specific antigen level >20 ng/ml

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the outcome of patients with a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >20 ng/ml that underwent radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 147 patients who underwent RP for clinically localized prostate cancer with a pre-treatment PSA (PSApt) >20 ng/ml. Fifty-two patients had positive pelvic lymph nodes and were excluded from analysis. Of 95 patients remaining, 15 were lost to follow-up. Therefore, the study group included 80 patients. The end points for this analysis were biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS), surgical and post-operative complications and urinary continence. PSApt, pathological grade, surgical margin status, age, clinical stage and immediate androgen ablation were evaluated in a multivariate analysis regarding bRFS.

Results: Forty-nine resected specimens (61.2%) were pathologically classified as pT3 or pT4. After a mean follow-up of 64 months, the estimated 5-year bRFS rate was 58% for the overall group. Immediate androgen ablation was the only independent prognostic factor for biochemical relapse (P=0.001). Concerning the 21 patients who received an immediate androgen ablation after RP, the estimated 5-year bRFS rate was 92%. Complete urinary continence was achieved in 76.5% of patients. Early complications occurred in 13 patients (16.2%).

Conclusions: Clinically localized prostate cancer with a PSApt >20 ng/ml is considered as having a poor prognosis. However, RP performed in these patients led to an acceptable morbidity and good functional results. Immediate adjuvant hormonal therapy seems mandatory in this setting to improve bRFS.