Variations in content of active ingredients causing drug interactions in grapefruit juice products sold in California

Abstract

The content of the active ingredients of grapefruit juice, naringin, naringenin and bergapten, was determined in 20 different commercial products of grapefruit juice sold in California. These included Minute Maid, Dole, Tropicana, Ocean Spray, Ralps, Albertson, Stater Bros, Vons, Langers, etc. The concentrations of naringin, naringenin and bergapten in grapefruit juice were assayed by specific HPLC methods. Naringin was found to be the most abundant flavonoid in grapefruit juice products, followed by naringenin and bergapten. The content of naringin varied among the products, ranging from 104 mg/l (Tropicana ruby red) to 628 mg/l (Ralphs white frozen concentrate). The mean contents of naringin in ruby red (158 +/- 66 [SD] mg/l) and pink (279 +/- 123 mg/l) grapefruit juice products were significantly lower than white (481 +/- 94 mg/l) (p <0.005) grapefruit juice products. Content of naringenin also varied from brand to brand and ranged from 3.9 mg/l (Vons white frozen concentrate) to 31.2 mg/l (Tree Sweet pink). Bergapten content was very low in grapefruit juice products ranging from 0 (not detectable) to 5.5 mg/l. There were no significant differences in naringenin and bergapten contents among the three types of grapefruit juice products. The information gained from this study would be useful in predicting the likelihood of grapefruit juice-drug interactions.