Heterogeneous size of the parathyroid glands in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

Abstract

Objective: We wished to determine whether there was size heterogeneity of the parathyroid glands in patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (FMEN1) and primary hyperparathyroidism.

Design: At the National Institutes of Health we performed a retrospective analysis of parathyroid gland volume either from initial or repeat parathyroid exploration.

Patients: We studied subjects with FMEN1 and primary hyperparathyroidism.

Measurements: The parathyroid gland volume was estimated from recorded orthogonal diameters. Volume could also be estimated conservatively in many glands for which one or more diameters were not recorded. Reproducibility of volume measurements was tested with a series of clay gland models. Indices of variability (among glands at an operation or among replicate measurements of a clay model) were the ratio of maximum volume/minimum volume and the average standard deviation of the log volume.

Results: The most complete data were from eight initial operations with three dimensions recorded for all four glands. Volume heterogeneity was indicated by the average ratio of 9.6 for the maximum/minimum gland volume within an operation. The size heterogeneity was even greater among other subgroups. For example, the average ratio of maximum/minimum gland volume within an operation was 17 among five initial operations with four glands removed, but lacking measurements of three dimensions for some glands. Little of this size heterogeneity could be attributed to measurement error since eight replicate measurements on a model gland yielded a maximum/minimum volume ratio of 1.45.

Conclusions: There is a wide heterogeneity in size of the parathyroid glands in the patients with FMEN1 and primary hyperparathyroidism.