Colorectal cancer in U.S. adults younger than 50 years of age, 1998-2001

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates are increasing among persons younger than 50 years of age, a population routinely not screened unless an individual has a high risk of CRC. This population-based study focuses primarily on describing the CRC burden for persons in this age group.

Methods: The data used for this study were derived from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) surveillance systems. Age-adjusted incidence rates, rate ratios, and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results: CRC is ranked among the top 10 cancers occurring in males and females aged 20-49 years regardless of race. Persons younger than 50 years were more likely to present with less localized and more distant disease than do older adults. Among younger adults, age-adjusted incidence rates for poorly differentiated cancers were twice as high as rates for well-differentiated cancers. Incidence rates for poorly differentiated cancers were 60% higher than that for well-differentiated cancers diagnosed in older adults. Rates were significantly higher for blacks and significantly lower for Asians/Pacific Islanders when compared with that for whites for the most demographic and tumor characteristics examined.

Conclusions: This study confirms the findings of previous population-based studies suggesting that younger patients present with more advanced disease than do older patients. This study also identifies racial and ethnic disparities in CRC incidence in this population. These findings suggest the need for additional studies to understand the behavior and etiology of CRC in blacks.