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. 2006;2006(1):39062.
doi: 10.1155/MI/2006/39062.

Evaluation of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2 soluble receptor, nitric oxide metabolites, and lipids as inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Flávia Ozorio Pereira  1 , Tânia Silvia Frode, Yara Santos Medeiros
Affiliations

Evaluation of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2 soluble receptor, nitric oxide metabolites, and lipids as inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Flávia Ozorio Pereira et al. Mediators Inflamm. 2006.

Abstract

This study compared the results of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 soluble receptor (sIL-2R), nitric oxide metabolites (NO(x)), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol), and triglycerides) between control group (nondiabetic subjects) and overweight type 2 DM subjects. To restrict the influence of variables that could interfere in the interpretation of data, subjects with obesity and/or acute or chronic inflammatory disease, haemoglobinopathies, recent use of antibiotics, antiinflammatory drugs, and trauma were excluded. Type 2 DM patients (n = 39; age 53.3 +/- 9.0 years; median glycated haemoglobin A(1c)< 8%) presented higher levels of TNF-alpha, triglycerides (P < .01), NO(x) and sIL-2R (P < .05) than control group (n = 28; age 39.7 +/- 14.1 years). CRP, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol did not differ among groups. Diabetic women (n = 21) had higher levels of TNF-alpha, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol than diabetic men (n = 18) (P < .05), but there were no differences among sexes in the control group. This study indicates that increased level of proinflammatory markers occurs in type 2 DM even in the absence of obesity and marked hyperglycaemia, confirming that the inflammation course of the atherosclerotic process is more severe in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic subjects.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of CRP in diabetic (■) and control (▴) groups. Data are shown using three simple clinical cut-off points for CRP: less than 1, 1 to 3, and greater than 3 mg/L.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of CRP levels and Framingham risk scores (1, 2, and 3) in diabetic (D) and control (C) groups. The solid lines represent the median values of each subgroup; ∗ = P < .05.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Correlation between the concentrations of CRP and triglycerides in diabetic patients; r = .45 and p < .01. (b) Correlation between the concentrations of TNF-α and NOx in the diabetic patients; r = −.3 and p < .05. Each individual value is represented by a symbol (■). r = Spearman's rank correlation coefficients.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Correlation between the concentrations of CRP and triglycerides in diabetic patients; r = .45 and p < .01. (b) Correlation between the concentrations of TNF-α and NOx in the diabetic patients; r = −.3 and p < .05. Each individual value is represented by a symbol (■). r = Spearman's rank correlation coefficients.
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