Analysis of prognostic factors in patients with nonmetastatic rhabdomyosarcoma treated on intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma studies III and IV: the Children's Oncology Group

Abstract

Purpose: The outcome for localized rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) or undifferentiated sarcoma (UDS) is affected by age, histology, primary anatomic site, extent of disease, and therapy.

Patients and methods: We evaluated patient and disease characteristics for their ability to predict outcome for patients with nonmetastatic RMS or UDS treated on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) -III (1984 to 1991) or IRS-IV (1991 to 1997).

Results: The estimated 5-year failure-free survival (FFS) rate was 90% for patients with embryonal RMS (ERMS) stage 1, group I or IIa; stage 2, group I; or group III orbit. The estimated 5-year FFS rate was 87% for patients with ERMS stage 1, group IIb or IIc; stage 1, group III nonorbit; stage 2, group II; and stage 3, group I or II; and 73% for patients with ERMS stage 2 or 3, group III. The estimated 5-year FFS rate was poor for patients with stage 2 or 3, group III ERMS with invasive (T2) tumors who were age younger than 1 year or 10 years or older (56%) and patients with stage 2 or 3, group III extremity primary tumors (43%). Overall, outcomes for patients with alveolar RMS (ARMS) or UDS were worse than for patients with ERMS. However, the 5-year FFS rate was good for patients with ARMS/UDS at favorable sites with group I or II (80%) or group III (76%) disease. The FFS rate was poorer for patients with ARMS/UDS at unfavorable sites with group I or II (66%) or group III (45%) disease. The estimated 5-year FFS rate was 31% for patients with group III ARMS/UDS at unfavorable sites with regional lymph node disease, which is similar to metastatic RMS.

Conclusion: Patient and disease characteristics identify distinct subsets with different outcomes, allowing the Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee of the Children's Oncology Group to refine risk-adapted therapy assignment.