Phototactic behaviour correlates with gustatory responsiveness in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Abstract

The response threshold hypothesis of division of labour in honey bees assumes that individuals differ in their responsiveness to different stimulus modalities. However, previous experiments have shown that responsiveness to gustatory stimuli correlates with responsiveness to odours, pollen and tactile stimuli. Evaluation of these stimuli involves sensory receptors on the antenna. We tested whether responsiveness to gustatory stimuli correlates with responsiveness to visual stimuli in a phototaxis experiment, which is independent of antennal input. Gustatory responsiveness was measured using the proboscis extension response to antennal stimulation with water and different sucrose concentrations. Phototaxis was quantified by measuring the walking times a bee needed to reach light sources of different intensities. Walking behaviour in the darkness was measured to test for differences in locomotor behaviour. The walking time towards a light stimulus, the path length, and the walking speed depended on the intensity of the light stimulus. Responsiveness to visual stimuli correlated significantly with gustatory responsiveness. Bees displaying a high gustatory responsiveness were also very sensitive to light. Locomotor activity did not correlate with gustatory responsiveness. This shows that gustatory responsiveness is a good indicator of sensitivity for visual stimuli, which are not perceived by the antenna.