Outcome of fetal cardiac defects

Abstract

Purpose of review: The present review summarizes the prenatal and postnatal outcome of cardiac anomalies and sustained arrhythmias diagnosed during fetal life.

Recent findings: The outcome of sustained fetal arrhythmias has improved with greater experience using Sotalol for atrial flutter, and digoxin and amiodarone for 1: 1 reciprocating tachycardia. The outcome of fetal conduction system disease secondary to maternal Sjögren's antibodies has noticeably improved with transplacental dexamethasone. The postnatal prognosis for atrioventricular block associated with left atrial isomerism, however, remains very bleak. Assessing the effect of prenatal diagnosis on the outcome of structural defects remains difficult because of the high number of extracardiac anomalies and chromosome defects in this group. Preoperative survival is improved, but postoperative mortality has not improved. One clear advantage of prenatal diagnosis is the selection of fetuses that may benefit from in-utero intervention to limit the progression of their disease or lessen its severity at birth.

Summary: For the most part, postoperative mortality of structural cardiac defects is not significantly improved by prenatal diagnosis. In-utero management of tachyarrhythmias and conduction system disease has improved postnatal outcome, except for the fetus with atrioventricular block and left atrial isomerism.