Selective inhibition of relaxation of guinea-pig trachea by charybdotoxin, a potent Ca(++)-activated K+ channel inhibitor

Abstract

Airway smooth muscle plasma membranes are rich in K+ channels of various types. Charybdotoxin (ChTX) is a potent blocker of the high-conductance Ca(++)-activated K+ channel in smooth muscle and produces a concentration-dependent contraction of guinea pig trachea. In the present study, pharmacologic experiments were performed on carbachol-contracted (0.34 microM) guinea-pig trachea contracted further with ChTX in order to determine if Ca(++)-activated K+ channels play a role in the responses to cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent bronchodilators. Relaxation concentration response curves to the beta-agonists, isoproterenol and salbutamol; the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, aminophylline; the cAMP mimic, N6-2'-O-adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate the guanylate cyclase activator, sodium nitroprusside; and the K+ channel agonists, BRL-34915 and pinacidil, were obtained in the absence and presence of ChTX. The concentration response curves to isoproterenol and salbutamol were shifted to the right (approximately 27-fold and greater than 40-fold, respectively) by 180 nM ChTX, whereas concentration response curves to N6-2'-O-adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate and aminophylline were affected significantly less (shifted approximately 7.5-fold). Concentration response curves to the cGMP-dependent relaxant sodium nitroprusside were also altered by ChTX (17-fold rightward shift at 180 nM). In the presence of 60 nM ChTX, the concentration response curves to the above relaxants were shifted only 3- to 5-fold. In contrast, ChTX (60 and 180 nM) failed to produce a significant rightward shift in the concentration response curves to BRL-34915 or pinacidil. Relaxation to BRL-34915 was however, blocked by glybenclamide, suggesting differences in the mechanism of relaxation. Contraction of tissues with depolarizing concentrations of KCl (20-80 mM) inhibited responses to all bronchodilators. These results suggest that hyperpolarization of tracheal smooth muscle as a result of opening various types of K+ channels can lead to relaxation of carbachol-contracted tracheal smooth muscle.