The prevalence of person-perceived participation restriction in community-dwelling older adults

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the prevalence, nature and distribution of person-perceived participation restriction, in community-dwelling older adults.

Method: Population based cross-sectional postal survey of 11,055 adults aged 50 years and over in North Staffordshire, United Kingdom. Person-perceived participation restriction was measured using the Keele Assessment of Participation which covers 11 different aspects of life mapped to the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning. Four-week period prevalence was calculated for restriction in any, multiple and for each aspect separately. Prevalence estimates were calculated for the total sample, and for each age and gender stratum.

Results: A total of 7,878 subjects responded (adjusted response--71.3%). The 4-week period prevalence of any participation restriction was 51.8%; 3.3% had substantial restriction. Participation restriction increased with age (p<0.001) and, for moderate and substantial restriction, was more frequent in women. The prevalence of restricted participation in individual aspects of life ranged from 3.8% (work) to 25.9% (mobility outside the home).

Conclusion: Some restriction of participation 'as and when we want it' is common in the general population and increases with age, although severe restriction only affects a minority. The distribution of person-perceived participation restriction is similar to that of impairments and activity limitation in community-dwelling older adults.