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. 2006;8 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S4-S10.

Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of prostate cancer

Peter R Carroll, Fergus V Coakley, John Kurhanewicz

Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of prostate cancer

Peter R Carroll et al. Rev Urol. 2006.

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging may improve the staging of prostate cancer compared with clinical evaluation alone, computerized tomography, or transrectal ultrasound, and it allows simultaneous and detailed evaluation of prostatic, periprostatic, and pelvic anatomy. Endorectal magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (endoMRI/MRSI) allow better visualization of the zonal anatomy of the prostate and better delineation of tumor location, volume, and extent (stage). Metabolic criteria used to identify and localize prostate cancer with endoMRI/MRSI have been standardized, thus improving the accuracy of the examination and limiting interobserver variations in interpretation. Evidence is now emerging that endoMRI/MRSI may also be helpful in assessing response to prostate cancer treatment, most commonly with radiation and/or androgen-deprivation therapy.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Normal prostate gland, endorectal MRI, axial image. PZ, peripheral zone; TZ, transition zone.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Normal prostate gland, endorectal MRI, coronal image.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Left peripheral zone cancer (Ca) depicted on endorectal MRI, axial image.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Combined magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and 3-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the prostate at 1.5 tesla. A. Axial T2-weighted image and 3-dimensional MRSI spectral grid. The arrows indicate a region of prostate cancer. B. Corresponding 3-dimensional MRSI spectral array, showing the presence of an aggressive-appearing tumor (very elevated choline and reduced citrate) on the left side of the gland (right side of the image). C. Image of the mean diffusional coefficient of water demonstrates a region of prostate cancer (arrows) in the same location as the T2-weighted image and MRSI. D. Representative spectra taken from the region of healthy prostate tissue and prostate cancer. PPM, parts per million.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Gross extracapsular extension (ECE) of prostate cancer, depicted on endorectal MRI, axial image.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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