Hyperchloremic acidosis increases circulating inflammatory molecules in experimental sepsis

Abstract

Rationale: Hyperchloremic acidosis is common in the critically ill and is often iatrogenic. We have previously shown that hyperchloremic acidosis increases nuclear factor-kappaB DNA binding in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. However, evidence that hyperchloremic acidosis leads to increased inflammation in vivo has been limited to nitric oxide.

Objectives: To determine if acidosis, induced by dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) infusion, will increase circulating inflammatory mediator levels in an experimental model of severe sepsis in rats.

Methods: Eighteen hours after inducing lethal sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture in 20 adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats, we randomized animals into three groups. In groups 2 and 3, we began an IV infusion of 0.1 N HCl to reduce the standard base excess (SBE) by 5 to 10 mEq/L and 10 to 15 mEq/L, respectively. In group 1, we infused a similar volume of lactated Ringer solution. In all groups infusion continued 8 h or until the animal died.

Measurements and main results: We measured arterial blood gases, whole-blood lactate, and chloride, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 levels at 0 h, 4 h, and 8 h. All measured cytokines increased over time. Compared to group 1, animals in groups 2 and 3 exhibited greater increase in all three cytokines, with the greatest increases seen with severe acidosis.

Conclusion: Moderate (SBE, - 5 to - 10) and severe (SBE, - 10 to - 15) acidosis, induced by HCl infusion, increases circulating levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF in normotensive septic rats.