Chronic morphine drinking establishes morphine tolerance, but not addiction in Wistar rats

Abstract

Objective: Some animal models apply morphine in the drinking water to generate addiction, but related reports are not free of conflicting results. Accordingly, this study aimed to figure out if chronic consumption of morphine in the drinking water can induce morphine addiction in Wistar rats.

Methods: For 3 weeks, the animals received a daily morphine dose of 35 mg/kg by offering a calculated volume of sugar water (5% sucrose) with morphine (0.1 mg/ml) to each rat; animals receiving just sugar water served as controls. Immediately after the treatment phase, the tail immersion test was used to check for morphine tolerance, and all animals were then kept on tap water for one week (withdrawal phase). Afterwards, all rats were allowed to choose their drinking source by offering two bottles, containing sugar water without and with morphine, simultaneously for two days (preference phase).

Results: While the chronic consumption of morphine led to a reduction in body weight and to morphine tolerance, the morphine-treated Wistar rats did not show any preference for the opiate-containing sugar water.

Conclusion: Body weight loss and tolerance do not reveal a condition of drug craving, and current animal models should be re-evaluated regarding their potential to establish morphine addicted animals.

Fig. 1

Body weight of Wistar rats receiving sucrose water either without (control) or with morphine (morphine) Data (n=8 per group) are presented as mean±SEM; ^* P<0.01 vs control

Fig. 2

Fluid intake of Wistar rats receiving sucrose water either without (control) or with morphine (morphine) Data (n=8 per group) are presented as mean±SEM; ^* P<0.01 vs control

Fig. 3

Tail withdrawal time after injecting either saline or morphine into Wistar rats previously receiving sucrose water without (control) or with morphine (morphine) Data (n=8 per group) are presented as mean±SEM; ^* P<0.01 vs control

Fig. 4

Drinking preference for sugar water without or with 0.1 mg/ml morphine of Wistar rats previously receiving sucrose water either without (control) or with morphine (morphine) Data (n=8 per group) are presented as mean±SEM