Atorvastatin effect on circulating and leukocyte-produced CD40 ligand concentrations in people with normal cholesterol levels: a pilot study

Abstract

Study objectives: To investigate whether atorvastatin decreases serum or leukocyte-produced CD40 ligand (CD40L) levels and whether these effects are dependent on reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels in people without overt dyslipidemia.

Design: Prospective pilot study.

Setting: University research center.

Subjects: Twenty-five normocholesterolemic volunteers (mean age 32 +/- 11 yrs; 15 women, 10 men) without cardiovascular disease.

Intervention: After a 2-week drug-free run-in period, subjects received atorvastatin 80 mg/day orally for 16 weeks.

Measurements and main results: All lipoprotein level measurements were performed with the subject in the fasting state. The CD40L concentrations were measured by immunofluorescence detection in serum and leukocyte culture supernates after 24-hour incubation, and treatment effect was analyzed. Baseline mean +/- SD total cholesterol, LDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were 179 +/- 33, 97 +/- 29, 62 +/- 20, and 102 +/- 69 mg/dl, respectively. Mean changes in each of these levels, respectively, after 16 weeks of atorvastatin were -34%, -59%, +3%, and -23%. The median serum CD40L level was lower at 16 weeks (2.3 ng/ml, interquartile range [IQR] 1.2-5.0 ng/ml) than at baseline (3.0 ng/ml, IQR 2.1-3.7 ng/ml), but the change was not significant (p=0.24). However, atorvastatin significantly lowered CD40L produced from leukocytes by 57% (21 pg/mg of protein [IQR 10-38 pg/mg] vs 49 pg/mg [IQR 21-149 pg/mg], p=0.045). Effects were independent of reduction in cholesterol levels.

Conclusion: Although atorvastatin did not significantly lower serum CD40L levels, significant reduction in leukocyte production was seen independent of degree of LDL reduction. These pilot data suggest a potential benefit in normocholesterolemic individuals that should be further investigated, and that leukocyte CD40L concentrations should be considered in the drug response.