Biochemical basis of a novel T lymphocyte receptor immunodeficiency by immunohistochemistry. A possible CD3 gamma abnormality

Abstract

Necropsic lymphoid tissues obtained from an infant with a novel type of immunodeficiency consisting of a peripheral blood T lymphocyte antigen receptor (TCR) surface expression defect, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of various TCR-associated epitopes. The work was aimed to characterize the biochemical basis of this kind of disorder and confirm the defect in different lymphoid tissues. Within an assessed lymphoid depletion, the patient's tissues showed a normal expression of several TCR epitopes (those associated to CD3 epsilon, CD3 delta and the clonotypic -Ti- alpha and beta chains). In contrast, the expression of the epitopes recognized by the monoclonals OKT3, WT31, and BMA031 was severely diminished. Our results therefore support that CD3 epsilon, CD3 delta, Ti alpha and Ti beta are probably not involved in this type of immunodeficiency, and strongly suggest that CD3 gamma (forming part of the epitope recognized by OKT3) may rather be the affected chain giving rise to the defective surface T cell phenotype; however, alternative interpretations are not ruled out. The disrupted TCR thus formed, containing Ti alpha beta heterodimers and CD3 epsilon and CD3 delta subunits, but lacking normal CD3 gamma, would in this scheme lack the conformational framework determinants recognized by WT31 and BMA031.