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Review
. 2007 Feb;189(4):1189-98.
doi: 10.1128/JB.01254-06. Epub 2006 Nov 10.

Bacteriocin diversity in Streptococcus and Enterococcus

Ingolf F Nes  1 , Dzung B Diep, Helge Holo
Affiliations
Review

Bacteriocin diversity in Streptococcus and Enterococcus

Ingolf F Nes et al. J Bacteriol. 2007 Feb.
No abstract available

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Genomic organization of the enterocin A and B loci (3, 9, 36, 93, 96). (A) Genes involved in production of enterocin A and enterocin B in Enterococcus faecium. The enterocin A locus consists of two operons: (i) the bacteriocin operon consisting of the enterocin A gene (entA), the immunity gene of EntA (entI), the peptide pheromone gene (entF), the receptor of the peptide pheromone, the histidine protein kinease gene (entK), and the DNA binding activator, the response regulator (entR), and (ii) the second operon (transporter operon) consisting of the two genes, the ABC transporter (entT) and its accessory gene (entD), that are needed for the secretion of both the peptide pheromone and the bacteriocin. The enterocin B locus consists of two divergent operons: (i) the monocistronic operon consisting of the enterocin B gene (entB) and (ii) the second operon, containing the immunity gene (eniB). Both operons are controlled by the regulatory genes (entFKR) of enterocin A, and the processing and transport of enterocin B are probably mediated by the entT and entD genes. The four regulated promoters are indicated by arrows. ORFs of unknown function are shown as open arrows. (B) DNA sequences of the regulated promoter regions. The direct-repeat sequences that are the binding sites for the phosphorylated response regulator are in boldface and underlined. Putative −35 and −10 regions are shown in boldface italics. (C) Deduced precursor of the peptide pheromone (induction peptide) EntF. The sequence of the mature peptide pheromone is shown in boldface.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Model of the mechanisms behind killing (A) and immunity (B) of classIIa bacteriocins. (A) The bacteriocin (red) employs man-PTS (orange) as a target receptor upon approaching susceptible cells (1). It binds to the components IIC (C) and IID (D) of mannose-PTS (2) and somehow causes leakage of solutes across the cytoplasmic membrane (3) and eventually cell death. (B) In immune and non-bacteriocin-producing cells (1), the immunity protein (pink) is nonassociated or loosely associated with the receptor proteins. When bacteriocin is exogenously added or produced by the bacteria themselves (2), the immunity protein is tightly associated with the receptor to prevent the bound bacteriocin on the receptor from forming lethal pores in the cytoplasmic membrane (3). In all cases, the cytoplasmic component IIAB (AB) is in contact with its membrane-located partners, but without being directly involved in a receptor function or in an immunity function. CW, cell wall; CM, cytoplasmic membrane. The model is based on published work (41, 47, 103) and unpublished work (Diep and Holo, unpublished).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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