Identification of endogenous resolvin E1 and other lipid mediators derived from eicosapentaenoic acid via electrospray low-energy tandem mass spectrometry: spectra and fragmentation mechanisms

Abstract

Resolvin E1 (RvE1, 5S,12R,18R-trihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid) is a novel anti-inflammatory lipid mediator recently found in humans, mice, and fish in vivo. To identify endogenous RvE1 and other eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived lipid mediators using electrospray low-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), the MS/MS product ion spectra of these compounds were correlated with their structures, and the MS/MS fragmentation mechanisms were studied. Deuterium labeling confirmed the proposed correlations and the fragmentation mechanisms. beta-cleavage was observed for RvE1, and beta and gamma cleavages were seen for leukotriene B5; however, alpha-cleavage was more common. The positions and numbers of hydroxyls and double bonds of these lipid mediators can be deduced from the MS/MS spectra. The MS/MS fragmentation generating chain-cut ions involved beta-ene, gamma-ene, or alpha-H-beta-ene rearrangement, depending on the specific structure. The m/z value of a detected chain-cut ion from RvE1 or from an EPA-derived product is equal to the corresponding hypothetical homolytic segment (cc, cm, mc, or mm) with the addition or extraction of up to two hydrogen atoms (H) from hydroxyls or an alpha-carbon; namely, the m/z value of an alpha-cleavage-generated ion is equal to [cc+H], [cm-2H], [mc-H], or [mm]. Wideband activation increased the signal intensities of chain-cut ions, and therefore was better for trace analysis of RvE1 in biological samples. RvE1, LTB5, PGE3, and other EPA-derived lipid mediators were found in trout brain or head-kidney via this approach on the basis of MS/MS spectra and fragmentation mechanisms. Negative ion electrospray low-collision-energy MS/MS spectra provide adequate data to elucidate and identify the structures of RvE1 and other EPA-derived lipid mediators at levels below a few picomoles in trout samples.