Maternal obesity in early pregnancy and risk of spontaneous and elective preterm deliveries: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Objectives: We sought to determine the association between maternal body mass index and risk of preterm delivery.

Methods: We assessed 187,290 women in Scotland and estimated adjusted odds ratios for spontaneous and elective preterm deliveries among overweight, obese, and morbidly obese women relative to normal-weight women.

Results: Among nulliparous women, the risk of requiring an elective preterm delivery increased with increasing BMI, whereas the risk of spontaneous preterm labor decreased. Morbidly obese nulliparous women were at increased risk of all-cause preterm deliveries, neonatal death, and delivery of an infant weighing less than 1000 g who survived to 1 year of age (a proxy for severe long-term disability). By contrast, obesity and elective preterm delivery were only weakly associated among multiparous women.

Conclusions: Obese nulliparous women are at increased risk of elective preterm deliveries. This in turn leads to an increased risk of perinatal mortality and is likely to lead to increased risks of long-term disability among surviving offspring.

FIGURE 1—

Relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy in nulliparous and multiparous women and the proportion of spontaneous preterm births (a) and elective preterm births (b). Note. The χ² test for trend was significant at P < .001 for all associations except elective preterm birth among multiparous women (P = .12).