[Role of interventional radiology in the management of critical limb ischemia]

Abstract

Critical limb ischemia is a growing public health problem with major human and medical costs. Primary amputation is the rule in most countries and hospitals, but has major functional, psychological and financial consequences. By using a combination of endovascular and surgical techniques, it is now possible to save 9/10 limbs at risk. Because of the frequency of atheromatous disease in these patients, often involving the carotid and coronary networks, aggressive management of risk factors and close surveillance are mandatory. The first step, on which subsequent management depends, is the anatomical workup. Arteriography is currently the only technique that offers a robust workup and, in most cases, permits interventional radiology procedures under local anesthesia and during the same session. Various techniques can be used, depending on the type of lesions, from plain balloon angioplasty to stenting, subintimal recanalization, and use of a cutting balloon. We review the different interventional radiology approaches available in this setting, and their results relative to bypass surgery.