Apparent solubility of hydroxyapatite in aqueous medium and its influence on the morphology of nanocrystallites with precipitation temperature

Abstract

Two differing wet-chemical synthesis routes, Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4 and CaCl2 + Na3PO4/NaOH, were used to prepare hydroxyapatite (HA) at various temperatures ranging from 30 to 95 degrees C. The electrical conductivity of the solution was measured at regular intervals of time during H3PO4 and Na3PO4 addition to the suspension/solution containing Ca2+ ions. The rate of change of conductivity is used to note the end point of the reaction. X-ray diffraction of the dried, precipitated particles revealed HA as the predominant phase, and the FTIR spectroscopy studies indicated the presence of CO3(2-) groups which substituted PO4(3-) groups in the HA lattice (B-type). FESEM observations revealed that the aspect ratio of the particles decreased with increasing precipitation reaction temperature in one system [Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4] and in the other system it increased with increasing temperature. The changes in the morphology with temperature were analyzed through conductivity measurements and the thermochemical properties of the reaction systems. Conductivity measurements showed that the concentration of dissolved ions at the end point of the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4 increased, indicating an increased apparent solubility of HA with increasing temperature, whereas the end-point conductivity did not increase noticeably in the other reaction system.