New-onset hypertension and inflammatory response/poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke

Abstract

Objective: To study the association of previously unknown high blood pressure (HBP) during the acute phase of stroke (new-onset hypertension) with the inflammatory response and clinical outcome.

Methods: We classified 844 patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke into three groups according to history of hypertension and presence of HBP within the first 24 hours after symptom onset: Group I (n = 412), normotensive patients; Group II (n = 265), chronic hypertensive patients; and Group III (n = 167), new-onset hypertensive patients. Interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were measured in blood samples obtained on admission. The influence of new-onset HBP and markers of inflammation on poor neurologic outcome at 3 months was evaluated by logistic regression analysis.

Results: New-onset HBP was found in 19.9% of patients. Patients in this group had higher plasma concentrations of IL-6, TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MMP-9 than the other two groups. New-onset HBP was associated with poor outcome at 3 months (odds ratio [OR] 2.10; 95% CI 1.54 to 3.52; p < 0.0001) after adjustment for other prognostic factors. However, when markers of inflammation were included in the model, IL-6 (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03; p = 0.020) and MMP-9 (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.01; p < 0.0001), but not new-onset HBP, were independently associated with poor neurologic outcome.

Conclusions: New-onset high blood pressure in acute ischemic stroke, but not chronic hypertension, is associated with an inflammatory response and poor neurologic outcome.