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Comparative Study
. 2006 Oct 31;38(7):392-8.
doi: 10.1016/s0212-6567(06)70531-5.

[Prevalence of white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension in the general population, through home blood pressure measurement]

[Article in Spanish]
Emilio Márquez Contreras  1 , José Joaquín Casado Martínez, Jesús Pardo Alvarez, Ignacio Vázquez, Begoña Guevara, José Rodríguez
Affiliations
Comparative Study

[Prevalence of white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension in the general population, through home blood pressure measurement]

[Article in Spanish]
Emilio Márquez Contreras et al. Aten Primaria. .

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Objective: To determine the prevalence of white-coat hypertension (WCH) and masked hypertension (MH) in the general population, by means of home blood pressure measurement (HBPM).

Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study.

Setting: Four primary care centres.

Participants: A sample of 1400 individuals over 18 years old, selected from the Municipal Register of Inhabitants (Huelva, Spain) and randomised and stratified by age and gender.

Main measurements: Two blood pressure (BP) measurements in clinic (CBP) and 12 measurements in a week of BP by HBPM were performed (OMRON 705-CP). Pressure was seen as normal when CBP means were <140/90 mm Hg and HBPM was <135/85 mm Hg. WCH was defined as when CBP was >140/90 mm Hg and HBPM <135/85 mm Hg, and hypertension when CBP was >140 mm Hg and HBPM >135/85 mm Hg or patients were in treatment for hypertension. MH was when CBP was <140/90 mm Hg and at home was >135 mm Hg and/or 85 mm Hg.

Results: A total of 1153 individuals (82.35% of the sample) with mean age of 45.4 (SD, 16.1) were included: 560 men and 593 women. The prevalence of MH was 8.9% (CI+/-1.6) in the general population and 9.8% (CI+/-3.2) in individuals with hypertension. WCH prevalence was 3.6% (CI+/-1.05) overall and 12.8% (CI+/-3.6) in hypertense patients, with its prevalence increasing steadily as age groups rose (P = .001).

Conclusions: The prevalence of WCH in the general population is low, whereas the prevalence of MH is high.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de hipertensión de bata blanca (HBB) e hipertensión enmascarada (HE) en población general, mediante automedición de presión arterial (AMPA) en la consulta y el domicilio.

Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, multicéntrico y aleatorizado.

Emplazamiento: Cuatro centros de atención primaria.

Participantes: Se seleccionó, mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado por edad y sexo, una muestra de 1.400 individuos > 18 años del Padrón Municipal de Habitantes (Huelva).

Mediciones principales: Fueron citados en sus centros de salud, realizándose 2 mediciones de presión arterial (PA) en consulta y 12 mediciones domiciliarias durante una semana mediante AMPA (OMRON 705- CP). Se consideró normotensión cuando las PA medias en consulta eran < 140/90 mmHg y las domiciliarias < 135/85 mmHg. Se consideró que había hipertensión arterial cuando eran superiores a los límites anteriores o los pacientes recibían tratamiento antihipertensivo, HBB cuando la PA media era > 140 y/o > 90 mmHg en la consulta y < 135/85 mmHg en el domicilio, y HE cuando la PA en la consulta era <140/90 mmHg y en el domicilio > 135 y/o 85 mmHg.

Resultados: Se incluyó a 1.153 individuos (82,35% de la muestra), con una edad media de 45,4 ± 16,1 años, 560 varones y 593 mujeres. La HE fue del 8,9% (IC ± 1,6%) globalmente y del 9,8% (IC ± 3,2) de los hipertensos. Había HBB en el 3,6% (IC ± 1,05) globalmente y el 12,8 % (IC ± 3,6) de los hipertensos, y su prevalencia aumentó progresivamente al incrementar los grupos de edad (p = 0,001).

Conclusiones: La prevalencia de HBB en la población general es baja, mientras que la de HE es elevada.

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