Alternate promoter selection within a human cytomegalovirus immediate-early and early transcription unit (UL119-115) defines true late transcripts containing open reading frames for putative viral glycoproteins

Abstract

The human cytomegalovirus open reading frames (ORFs) UL119 through UL115 (UL119-115) are located downstream of the immediate-early 1 and 2 transcription units. The promoter upstream of UL119 is active at all times after infection and drives the synthesis of a spliced 3.1-kb mRNA. The viral mRNA initiates in UL119, contains UL119-117 and UL116, and terminates just downstream of UL115. True late transcripts that are detected only after viral DNA synthesis originate from this transcription unit. True late mRNAs of 2.1 kb, containing ORFs UL116 and UL115, and 1.2 kb, containing ORF UL115 only, are synthesized. The true late viral mRNAs are 3' coterminal with the 3.1-kb mRNA. This transcription unit is an example of late promoters nested within an immediate-early-early transcription unit. The gene products of UL119-117, UL116, and UL115 are predicted to be glycoproteins. Efficient expression of the downstream ORFs at late times after infection may be related to alternate promoter usage and downstream cap site selection.