Elevated resting [Ca(2+)](i) in myotubes expressing malignant hyperthermia RyR1 cDNAs is partially restored by modulation of passive calcium leak from the SR

Abstract

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle triggered in susceptible individuals by inhalation anesthetics and depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants. This syndrome has been linked to a missense mutation in the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) in more than 50% of cases studied to date. Using double-barreled Ca(2+) microelectrodes in myotubes expressing wild-type RyR1 ((WT)RyR1) or RyR1 with one of four common MH mutations ((MH)RyR1), we measured resting intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). Changes in resting [Ca(2+)](i) produced by several drugs known to modulate the RyR1 channel complex were investigated. We found that myotubes expressing any of the (MH)RyR1s had a 2.0- to 3.7-fold higher resting [Ca(2+)](i) than those expressing (WT)RyR1. Exposure of myotubes expressing (MH)RyR1s to ryanodine (500 microM) or (2,6-dichloro-4-aminophenyl)isopropylamine (FLA 365; 20 microM) had no effects on their resting [Ca(2+)](i). However, when myotubes were exposed to bastadin 5 alone or to a combination of ryanodine and bastadin 5, the resting [Ca(2+)](i) was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Interestingly, the percent decrease in resting [Ca(2+)](i) in myotubes expressing (MH)RyR1s was significantly greater than that for (WT)RyR1. From these data, we propose that the high resting myoplasmic [Ca(2+)](i) in (MH)RyR1 expressing myotubes is due in part to a related structural conformation of (MH)RyR1s that favors "passive" calcium leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.