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. 2007 Feb 2;1141(1):117-22.
doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.107. Epub 2006 Dec 20.

Determination of imidazole and triazole fungicide residues in honeybees using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Andrew J A Charlton  1 , Ainsley Jones
Affiliations

Determination of imidazole and triazole fungicide residues in honeybees using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Andrew J A Charlton et al. J Chromatogr A. .

Abstract

An analytical method employing clean up by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) on Florisil cartridges was developed to determine residues of eleven imidazole and triazole ergosterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting (EBI) fungicides in honeybee samples. Detection was by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The method was validated by fortifying control samples at levels of 0.01 and 0.05 micro g/bee. Mean recoveries for each analyte except imazalil were between 79 and 99% with relative standard deviations of 12.3% or less. Mean recoveries of imazalil were 51% at 0.01 micro g/bee and 81% at 0.05 micro g/bee. Limits of detection for the analytes investigated ranged from 0.005 to 0.001 micro g/bee.

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