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. 2007 Jan;85(1):73-9.
doi: 10.1093/ajcn/85.1.73.

Validation study of energy expenditure and intake during calorie restriction using doubly labeled water and changes in body composition

Lilian de Jonge  1 , James P DeLany, Tuong Nguyen, Jennifer Howard, Evan C Hadley, Leanne M Redman, Eric Ravussin
Affiliations

Validation study of energy expenditure and intake during calorie restriction using doubly labeled water and changes in body composition

Lilian de Jonge et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jan.

Abstract

Background: Clinical trials involving calorie restriction (CR) require an assessment of adherence to a prescribed CR with the use of an objective measure of energy intake (EI).

Objective: The objective was to validate the use of energy expenditure (EE) measured by doubly labeled water (DLW), in conjunction with precise measures of body composition, to calculate an individual's EI during 30% CR.

Design: Ten participants underwent 30% CR for 3 wk. During the last week (7 d), 24-h EE was measured in a respiratory chamber and simultaneously by DLW (EEDLW). EI was calculated from 7-d EE measured by DLW and from changes in energy stores (ES) (weight and body composition). Calculated EI was then compared with the actual EI measured in the chamber by using the following equations: calculated EI (kcal/d) = EEDLW + DeltaES, where DeltaESFM/FFM (kcal/d) = (9.3 x DeltaFM, g/d) + (1.1 x DeltaFFM, g/d), FM is fat mass, and FFM is fat-free mass.

Results: We found close agreement (R = 0.88) between EE measured in the metabolic chamber and EEDLW during CR. Using the measured respiratory quotient, we found that the mean (+/-SD) EE(DLW) was 1934 +/- 377 kcal/d and EE measured in the metabolic chamber was 1906 +/- 327 kcal/d, ie, a 1.3 +/- 8.9% overestimation. EI calculated from EEDLW and from changes in ES was 8.7 +/- 36.7% higher than the actual EI provided during the chamber stay (1596 +/- 656 kcal/d).

Conclusions: DLW methods can accurately estimate 24-h EE during CR. Although the mean difference between actual and calculated EIs for the group was small, we conclude that the interindividual variability was too large to provide an assessment of CR adherence on an individual basis.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Experimental design. DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Comparison of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) measured with the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and in the metabolic chamber. A: Regression plot. The dashed line represents the line of identity, and the solid line represents the regression: y = 1.013x + 3.28 (r2 = 0.771, P<0.05). B: Bland-Altman plot. The dashed line represents the average, and the dotted line represents ± 2SDs.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Relation between calculated and provided energy intake (EI). Calculated EI was derived from changes in body stores with the use of changes in body composition, whereas the provided EI was the actual EI. The dashed line represents the line of identity, and the solid line represents the regression. A: Calculations derived from measured metabolic weights before and after the 7-d chamber stay; y = 2.5x — 1744 (r2 = 0.64, P < 0.05). B: Calculations derived from regressed weights over 7 d; y = 1.9x — 1173 (r2 = 0.61 P < 0.05
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Comment in

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