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. 2007 Mar;45(3):915-20.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.01590-06. Epub 2007 Jan 24.

Molecular and spatial epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in children in a semiurban community in South India

Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur  1 , Beryl Primrose Gladstone, David Selvapandian, Jaya Prakash Muliyil, Honorine Ward, Gagandeep Kang
Affiliations

Molecular and spatial epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in children in a semiurban community in South India

Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Mar.

Abstract

Cryptosporidium spp. are a leading cause of diarrhea in Indian children, but there are no data for prevalent species or subgenotypes. Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and spatial analysis of cases using Geographical Information Systems technology was carried out for 53 children with cryptosporidial diarrhea in an urban slum. The two most common species were C. hominis (81%) and C. parvum (12%). Other species identified were C. felis and C. parvum (mouse genotype). Five subgenotypes were identified at the Cpgp40/15 locus. Subgenotype Ia predominated among C. hominis isolates, and all C. parvum isolates were subgenotype Ic. C. hominis infection was associated with a greater severity of diarrhea. Sequencing of the Cpgp40/15 alleles of C. felis and C. parvum (mouse genotype) revealed similarities to subgenotype IIa and C. meleagridis, respectively. Space-time analysis revealed two clusters of infection due to C. hominis Ia, with a peak in February 2005. This is the first study to demonstrate space-time clustering of a single subgenotype of C. hominis in a setting where cryptosporidiosis is endemic. Molecular characterization and spatial analysis have the potential to further the understanding of disease and transmission in the community.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
(A) Restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns are shown at the following locus for Cryptosporidium spp. after nested PCR amplification: SSU rRNA locus and digestion with SspI (lanes 1 to 4) and VspI (lanes 6 to 9). Lanes 1 and 6, C. hominis; lanes 2 and 7, C. parvum; lanes 3 and 8, C. parvum (mouse); lanes 4 and 9, C. felis; lane 10, 1-kb marker. (B) Cpgp40/15 locus and digestion with AluI: lane 1, C. hominis Ia; lane 2, C. parvum Ic; lane 3, C. hominis Id; lane 4, C. hominis Ib; lane 5, C. hominis Ie; lane 6, C. felis; lane 7, C. parvum (mouse); lane 8, 1-kb marker.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Phylogenetic analyses of C. felis (sample 9 and 26) and C. parvum (mouse) Cpgp40/15 alleles using the maximum-likelihood method performed with BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor version 5.0.0. (Sequences from this study have been compared with the following sequences obtained from GenBank: AF440621-22, AF440624-26, AF440628-30, AF114166, AF440633-34, and AF 401498.)
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Spatial analysis with SaTScan version 6.0 of cases with C. hominis Ia infection, revealing two space-time clusters in the community.
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