Stretch sensitivity of the lateral wall of the auditory outer hair cell from the guinea pig

Abstract

The inner and outer hair cells of the mammalian hearing organ are mechano-transducer cells. Here we report evidence that the lateral wall of outer hair cells (OHCs) is a mechano-receptor. This mechano-sensitivity appears to complement that of the stereocilia. Patch clamping studies showed that stretching of the membrane patches by suction at the pipette activated potassium channels with 130 pS unit conductance specifically localized in the lateral wall. Application of an osmotic tension to the entire cell membrane under whole-cell recording produced a 10 mV hyperpolarization. The reversal potential and the magnitude of the macroscopic current under voltage clamp were consistent with the single-channel properties of stretch-activated potassium channels. The elongated cylindrical cell body of the OHC is optimally positioned in the cochlea to sense axial force due to the vibrations of the basilar membrane during sound stimulation. This sensitivity can explain the production of a predominantly hyperpolarizing response to sound stimuli, unique to the OHC. Coupled with voltage-dependent OHC motility, the stretch-activated channels may play an important role in producing a mechanical feedback, an indispensable element in cochlear tuning.