Association of the built environment with physical activity and obesity in older persons

Abstract

Objective: We examined whether older persons who live in areas that are conducive to walking are more active or less obese than those living in areas where walking is more difficult.

Methods: We used data from the Adult Changes in Thought cohort study for a cross-sectional analysis of 936 participants aged 65 to 97 years. The Walkable and Bikable Communities Project previously formulated a walkability score to predict the probability of walking in King County, Washington. Data from the cohort study were linked to the walkability score at the participant level using a geographic information system. Analyses tested for associations between walkability score and activity and body mass index.

Results: Higher walkability scores were associated with significantly more walking for exercise across buffers (circular zones around each respondent's home) of varying radii (for men, odds ratio [OR]=5.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01, 34.17 to OR=9.14; CI=1.23, 68.11; for women, OR=1.63; CI=0.94, 2.83 to OR=1.77; CI=1.03, 3.04). A trend toward lower body mass index in men living in more walkable neighborhoods did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that neighborhood characteristics are associated with the frequency of walking for physical activity in older people. Whether frequency of walking reduces obesity prevalence is less clear.

FIGURE 1—

Example analysis of participants in more walkable (a) and less walkable (b) neighborhoods. Note. The more walkable neighborhood has a denser street network and better connectivity of streets than does the less walkable neighborhood. Although the less walkable neighborhood appears to have more retail destinations, it is beyond the distance a respondent would be expected to walk.

FIGURE 1—

Example analysis of participants in more walkable (a) and less walkable (b) neighborhoods. Note. The more walkable neighborhood has a denser street network and better connectivity of streets than does the less walkable neighborhood. Although the less walkable neighborhood appears to have more retail destinations, it is beyond the distance a respondent would be expected to walk.