Plant uptake/bioavailability of heavy metals from the contaminated soil after treatment with humus soil and hydroxyapatite

Abstract

Uptake /bioavailability study using the Indian mustard plant (Brassica juncea) was undertaken at the interval of 7, 14 and 21 days to test the immobilization of heavy metals from contaminated soil that were amended with humus soil and/or hydroxyapatite. For this, four sets consisting of non-humus soil + metals (Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb), humus soil + metals, non-humus and humus soil in the ratio of 1:3 + metals and non-humus soil: humus soil in the ratio of 1:3 + metals + 1% hydroxyapatite were prepared. The bioavailability of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in non-humus soil system was 58%, 67%, 65% and 63%, respectively in 7 days, more than 80% in 14 days and more than 90% in 21 days. Use of non-humus, humus soil in the ratio of 1:3 and addition of 1% hydroxyapatite decreased the bioavailability of lead around 21 to 22.5%, Cd 35 to 36%, Cr 25.5 to 26.9%, Ni 34 to 39% in 7, 14 and 21 days. Apart from this increase in the fresh weight of the plant was also noticed during the experiment. The data showed that addition of 1% hydroxyapatite in the non-humus-humus soil system caused the increase in the fresh weight around 90% in 7, 14 and 21 days as compared to plant grown in non-humus and metal soil system.