Hepatitis B vaccination in women healthcare workers: a seroepidemiological survey

Abstract

Objective: To assess the concentration and kinetics of antibody response after hepatitis B vaccination among women healthcare workers.

Design: Longitudinal retrospective seroepidemiological survey among women vaccinated against hepatitis B working in a university hospital and followed-up in an occupational health department. A structured form was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics, clinical data, age at vaccination, vaccination schedule, measurement of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs antibody). Subjects were considered seronegative against hepatitis B when anti-HBs antibody concentration was less than 10 mIU/ml.

Setting: A 1260-bed general hospital in Paris, France.

Participants: All women healthcare workers visiting the occupational health department between January 1997 1st and December 2000 31st and who had a measurement of anti-HBs antibody.

Results: Irrespective of the age at the primary vaccination, 810 (92%) women were seropositive (anti-HBs antibody > or = 10 mIU/ml). Only 22 women (4.5%) vaccinated before 26 years of age were seronegative, against 46 (13.2%) vaccinated after 25 years of age (p < 0.001). Seven years after vaccination, 78% of women were still seropositive. An inadequate vaccination schedule (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-5.5) and an age greater than 25 years at primary vaccination (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.5-4.4) were associated with being seronegative against hepatitis B.

Conclusions: Despite vaccination, some women healthcare workers were seronegative against hepatitis B virus. Vaccinating early in the career of a health-care worker using an adequate schedule seems key-elements to guarantee an anti-HBs measurement > or =10 mIU/ml.