Clinical aspects of gynecological cancers' prophylaxis

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the modern possibilities of primary and secondary prophylaxis in gynecological cancers and their place in the medical practice in our country.

Materials and methods: The data of the Bulgarian National Cancer Registry and the relevant world literature served as a source for review and analysis of different primary and secondary prevention measures for gynecological malignancies.

Results: For 2003 high levels of incidence and mortality were established: standardized yearly incidence of cervical cancer 19.3 x 10(5), of endometrial cancer 15.9 x 10(5) and of ovarian cancer 11.9 x 10(5). Most stressing is the tendency of their constant increase during the last 15 years. For primary prophylaxis, optimal body weight, proper food intake, indicated hormone replacement therapy, prophylactic oophorectomy and introduction of prophylactic vaccines are recommended. Secondary prophylaxis of cervical cancer is carried out through cytological screening and colposcopy with targeted biopsy, of endometrial cancer with endometrial biopsy, of ovarian cancer by means of gynecological exam, ultrasound and tumor marker CA 125.

Conclusion: Analysis of modern primary and secondary prophylaxis of gynecological cancers shows that in our country the key point of medical practice is the introduction of organized screening programs, duly implementation of new technologies and quality control of this work.