Temporomandibular joint sounds: correlation to joint structure in fresh autopsy specimens

Abstract

In an attempt to better understand the cause of different types of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds, we recorded joint sounds from 27 fresh autopsy specimens, displayed the time frequency distribution of the sound as a three-dimensional graph, and correlated the sound character to morphologic observations at subsequent dissection. Eleven joints elicited sounds, and 16 joints were silent. All joints with sounds had different degrees of intraarticular changes. These ranged from disk displacement with reduction to displacement without reduction and arthrosis of the articular surfaces. Reciprocal clicking occurred both in joints with disk displacement with and without reduction, as well as in joints with arthrotic changes. Crepitation only occurred in joints with arthrosis and perforation. The sample was too small to demonstrate any statistically significant association between the joint sound classified as clicking or crepitation and joint structure types of joint pathosis in this small sample. A high frequency component to the sound appeared to be associated with arthrosis of the articular surfaces. It was concluded that joint sounds indicate joint abnormality but that the absence of joint sound does not exclude intraarticular pathosis.