Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2007 Mar;83(977):178-81.
doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.053868.

Inhaled insulins

Affiliations
Review

Inhaled insulins

Sujoy Ghosh et al. Postgrad Med J. 2007 Mar.

Abstract

As a result of knowledge gained from the management of asthma with inhalers and nebulisers, pulmonary delivery devices for insulin have been developed. Particle size of the aerosol particularly influences drug delivery. Although several pharmaceutical companies are developing different systems, Pfizer have launched the first inhaled insulin (Exubera). Clinical trials have taken place in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but have shown similar glucose control as subcutaneous insulin delivery. However, patient satisfaction does seem to be increased in patients taking inhaled insulins. Further studies are needed to investigate compliance, side-effect profiles, quality of life, long-term glycaemia control and cost effectiveness.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None.

References

    1. Cefalu W T. Evolving strategies for insulin delivery and therapy. Drugs 2004641149–1161. - PubMed
    1. Shaikh I M, Jadhav K R, Ganga S.et al Advanced approaches in insulin delivery. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 20056387–395. - PubMed
    1. Heinemann L, Pfutzner A, Heise T. Alternative routes of administration as an approach to improve insulin therapy: update on dermal, oral, nasal and pulmonary insulin delivery. Curr Pharm Des 200171327–1351. - PubMed
    1. JBS 2. Joint British Societies' guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. Heart 20059143 - PMC - PubMed
    1. American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes–2006. Clinical practice reccomendations 200629(Suppl 1)S10 - PubMed